A 40-year-old woman presents for her annual physical exam. She reports feeling generally well but expresses concerns about occasional hot flashes, night sweats, and difficulty sleeping. She also mentions noticing some changes in her mood, such as increased irritability and anxiety. On physical examination, her vital signs are stable. A pelvic exam is unremarkable. The patient is counseled on the importance of regular check-ups, healthy lifestyle habits, and preventive health screenings. As you counsel her about cervical cancer screenings, she asks you about the viruses that cause cervical cancer. Which virus is most commonly associated with the development of cervical cancer?

An 18-year-old woman presents for her annual physical examination. She is generally healthy with no significant past medical history. She recently became sexually active and expresses concern about preventing sexually transmitted infections and maintaining reproductive health. She has not received the HPV vaccine and asks about its benefits. She reports regular menstrual cycles, denies any abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge, and has no history of pelvic pain. Her primary goal for this visit is to ensure she is on track with recommended health screenings and vaccinations. According to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), what is the recommended cervical cancer screening guideline for this woman?

A 24-year-old woman presents to the gynecology clinic with complaints of progressive facial hair growth (hirsutism) and deepening of her voice over the past six months. She reports irregular menstrual cycles, with periods occurring every two to three months. Additionally, she has noticed mild pelvic discomfort and increased muscle mass in her arms and legs. She denies weight loss, fever, or a family history of hormonal disorders. Physical examination: Significant hirsutism on her face and chest Clitoromegaly Deepened voice Bimanual pelvic examination: A firm, non-tender, mobile adnexal mass measuring 5 cm is palpated on the right side Diagnostic findings: The mass is confirmed as a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of the right ovary. The patient has two living children and wishes to preserve her fertility. What is the primary treatment for a localized Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor in a young woman who wishes to preserve fertility?

A 25-year-old woman presents with a six-month history of intermittent lower abdominal pain and a feeling of fullness in the pelvis. Her menstrual cycles are regular, and she denies abnormal bleeding, fever, or weight loss. Physical Examination: A non-tender, mobile pelvic mass is palpated in the right lower quadrant. Imaging: Transvaginal ultrasound reveals a 7 cm complex ovarian mass on the right ovary with echogenic components including calcifications, cystic areas, and shadowing suggestive of fat and hair, consistent with a mature cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst). Tumor markers: CA-125, AFP, and beta-hCG are within normal limits. Which of the following is a potential complication of a mature cystic teratoma?

A 28-year-old man presents to the clinic with a painless ulcer on his penis that appeared two weeks ago. He reports unprotected sexual intercourse with multiple partners in the past month. He denies fever, rash, or systemic symptoms. On physical examination: Single, non-tender ulcer with clean edges and a firm base on the penile shaft (chancre). No lymphadenopathy. Serologic testing: Positive rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test with a titer of 1:32. Reactive treponemal antibody test, confirming primary syphilis. What is the preferred treatment for primary syphilis?

A 23-year-old sexually active woman presents to the emergency department with a 5-day history of worsening lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, fever, and dyspareunia (pain during intercourse). She also reports irregular spotting between her menstrual cycles. She has had multiple sexual partners in the past year and inconsistently uses condoms. On examination, she has a low-grade fever (38.3°C/100.9°F) and mild tachycardia. Abdominal palpation reveals tenderness in the lower quadrants, and a bimanual pelvic examination demonstrates: Cervical motion tenderness Bilateral adnexal tenderness Purulent cervical discharge Transvaginal ultrasound shows thickened, fluid-filled fallopian tubes, consistent with salpingitis, but no tubo-ovarian abscess. What is the most common causative agent of this disorder?

A 36-year-old man with a known history of HIV infection presents to the clinic with complaints of painful swallowing (odynophagia) and a burning sensation in his mouth for the past two weeks. He also reports white patches on his tongue and inner cheeks, which he had attempted to scrape off unsuccessfully. He denies fever, chills, nausea, or vomiting but mentioned a 10-pound unintentional weight loss over the past month and persistent fatigue. He is not currently on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and stated he has been lost to follow-up for two years. He reports occasional alcohol use but denies smoking or recreational drug use.His past medical history is significant for several infectious disorders. On examination, the patient appears thin but alert. Oral examination reveals extensive white, curd-like plaques on the tongue, buccal mucosa, and the palate, which are difficult to remove and leave an erythematous, bleeding surface. The rest of the physical examination is unremarkable, with no lymphadenopathy or organomegaly. Laboratory investigations show a CD4+ T-cell count of 45 cells/μL. His viral load is 500,000 copies/mL. A potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation of the oral lesions reveals budding yeast and pseudohyphae. You wondered whether this current disorder is an AIDS-defining illness in this patient. Which of the following is an AIDS-defining illness?