Which of the following describes the most common extracutaneous site of involvement associated with varicella infection in children?
What is the most common infectious complication of varicella, and which pathogens are typically responsible?
A 10-year-old unvaccinated boy presents with fever and a generalized pruritic rash that developed 3 days ago. The pediatrician diagnoses chickenpox. His parents are concerned about possible complications. Which of the following is the most common complication in otherwise healthy children with chickenpox?
A 4-year-old boy presents with a 3-day history of fever, malaise, and a pruritic rash that started on his face and trunk before spreading to his limbs. The rash consists of vesicles in various stages of development. His mother reports that his sibling recently had similar symptoms. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent for this child’s condition?
A 7-year-old boy is brought to the clinic with a 2-day history of fever, fatigue, and a generalized, pruritic rash. The rash started on his trunk and quickly spread to his face and extremities. On examination, you notice macules, papules, vesicles, and crusted lesions at various stages of development. His parents report no history of varicella vaccination. Which of the following best describes the characteristic lesion of chickenpox?
A 3 month old Amish female was brought to your clinic by her parents. In the last 3 months of her life, she has had four bouts of urinary tract infections and three bouts of oral candidiasis. She is not gaining weight as she should. Her maternal uncle died in his infancy due to similar sickness. After examining the baby and running some tests, you diagnosed her condition as Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency. On hearing about the diagnosed disease, her parents became sad and asked you about her prognosis. Which of the following advice would you give?
A 10-year-old boy presents with recurrent disseminated Mycobacterium avium infections. He previously had a severe reaction to BCG vaccination as an infant. Laboratory testing reveals low IFN-γ production, despite normal T and B lymphocyte counts. What is the most appropriate treatment option for long-term management of this condition?
A 7-year-old girl is brought to the clinic with fever and diarrhea following recurrent bouts of Salmonella bacteremia. Her medical history is significant for a persistent infection following BCG vaccination. Laboratory testing reveals normal lymphocyte counts and low IFN-γ levels after IL-12 stimulation. What is the primary immune mechanism that is defective in this patient?
A 5-year-old boy from a rural region presents with fever, weight loss, and a cough that has persisted for 3 months. His family history is significant for consanguinity, and he received a BCG vaccination at birth. On examination, he has cervical lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. Chest X-ray shows hilar lymphadenopathy. Lab tests reveal normal T-cell and B-cell counts but low IFN-γ levels after IL-12 stimulation. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A 9-year-old child with recently diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is in the maintenance phase of chemotherapy and is currently in remission. The child appears healthy during the clinic visit, with unremarkable vital signs and physical examination. The child is due for several routine vaccinations. Which of the following vaccines would be contraindicated in this patient due to their current treatment with chemotherapy?
