A 45-year-old man with a history of chronic liver disease due to alcohol use presents with complaints of fatigue and pallor. His physical examination reveals icteric sclera, hepatomegaly, and mild splenomegaly. Laboratory findings show macrocytic anemia, elevated bilirubin, and increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV). A peripheral blood smear is performed and shows red cells whose area of central pallor is elongated in a mouth-like shape. Question: Which of the following morphologic findings in red cells is most likely seen in this patient?

A 28-year-old man of Mediterranean descent presents to the emergency department with dark urine, jaundice, and fatigue two days after consuming a meal containing fava beans. He denies fever, chills, or recent illness but reports that similar symptoms occurred once before after taking an unknown medication. His physical examination reveals pallor, scleral icterus, and mild splenomegaly. Laboratory tests show: Hemoglobin: 8.5 g/dL (low) Reticulocyte count: Elevated Indirect bilirubin: Elevated Peripheral smear: Presence of Heinz bodies and bite cells Question: Which of the following is the most likely underlying cause of this patient’s condition?

A 25-year-old male of African descent presents to the emergency department with complaints of fatigue, jaundice, and dark-colored urine for the past two days. He had a febrile illness one week ago and recently took a sulfa-based antibiotic prescribed by a local physician. On physical examination, he has scleral icterus, pallor, and mild splenomegaly. Laboratory results reveal anemia, elevated reticulocyte count, and a peripheral smear showing Heinz bodies and bite cells. Question: What is the underlying cause of hemolysis in this patient?