A 40-year-old woman with a history of asthma and nasal polyps presents with severe bronchospasm and nasal congestion shortly after taking aspirin for a headache. She has experienced similar reactions with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the past. What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
A 38-year-old woman with a history of AERD presents with persistent nasal congestion and recurrent asthma exacerbations despite using high-dose inhaled corticosteroids and leukotriene receptor antagonists. She wants to know if there are additional treatment options. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
A 50-year-old man with a history of severe asthma and nasal polyps presents with worsening respiratory symptoms after taking naproxen. His physician explains that NSAIDs trigger his symptoms due to an increase in leukotrienes. Which of the following best explains the underlying pathophysiology of this condition?
A 42-year-old woman with a history of asthma presents with worsening nasal congestion, anosmia, and frequent sinus infections. She recently took aspirin and ibuprofen alternatively for a headache and developed wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness within an hour. She has had multiple surgeries for nasal polyps, but they keep recurring. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Which of the following findings on spirometry after administration of a short-acting bronchodilator confirms reversible airflow obstruction and supports the diagnosis of asthma?
A 28-year-old female with type 1 diabetes mellitus is prescribed insulin therapy. Her endocrinologist explains that insulin signaling involves the reversible phosphorylation of key enzymes in glucose metabolism. She asks how this reversible modification regulates enzyme activity. Question: Which of the following best describes the role of reversible covalent modifications in enzyme regulation?
A 58-year-old man with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is started on imatinib, a drug that inhibits BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, preventing uncontrolled cell proliferation. The oncologist explains that phosphorylation is a reversible modification used for rapid enzyme regulation, and many cancer treatments target enzymes involved in phosphorylation pathways. Which of the following best describes a reversible covalent modification involved in enzyme regulation?
A 50-year-old male with a history of obesity and metabolic syndrome is evaluated for potential cancer risk due to abnormal lipid profiles. His physician explains that cancer cells often overexpress enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis, such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which is regulated by metabolic intermediates. The patient’s elevated citrate levels prompt a discussion about how allosteric regulation coordinates metabolic pathways. In this patient, how does citrate function as an allosteric effector to regulate acetyl-CoA carboxylase in fatty acid biosynthesis?
A 60-year-old man with a history of poor dental hygiene and chronic alcohol use presents with a 3-month history of progressive cough, weight loss, and hemoptysis. He denies fever or night sweats. Chest X-ray reveals a right upper lobe consolidation with adjacent pleural thickening and rib destruction. Sputum cultures are negative for acid-fast bacilli (AFB), and a biopsy of the lesion shows Gram-positive filamentous bacteria with sulfur granules. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
