A 35-year-old male with a history of type 2 diabetes presents to the endocrinology clinic for routine follow-up. He reports feeling fatigued and has difficulty maintaining stable blood glucose levels despite medication. Laboratory results show elevated fasting glucose, and his physician explains that hormonal signals, such as those involving cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), are critical in regulating glucose metabolism. The discussion turns to how enzymes in glycogen breakdown are controlled. In this patient with diabetes, which mechanism best describes how cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) rapidly regulates enzyme activity in glucose metabolism?