A 35-year-old male with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with shortness of breath and fatigue. Arterial blood gas analysis shows hypoxemia (low PO₂), hypercapnia (elevated PCO₂), and acidosis (low pH). His condition affects oxygen binding and release from hemoglobin as he struggles to oxygenate his tissues effectively. Which of the following best contrasts the Haldane effect and the Bohr effect in this patient’s oxygen-hemoglobin dynamics?
