A 45-year-old male presents to the clinic with complaints of excessive thirst and frequent urination over the past six months. He reports drinking up to 10 liters of water daily and experiencing intense thirst even after consuming large amounts of fluids. The patient states that the symptoms have been gradual but are now interfering with his daily activities, including frequent interruptions of sleep due to nighttime urination. He denies any fever, pain during urination, or blood in the urine. There has been no significant weight loss or changes in appetite. The patient has a history of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, diabetes, hypertension and arthritis. His current medications include lithium, olanzapine, metformin, lisinopril and ibuprofen. He denies any history of kidney disease, head trauma, or surgeries involving the pituitary gland. His family history is unremarkable for endocrine disorders. He is a non-smoker, consumes alcohol occasionally, and works as a teacher. On physical examination, the patient appears well-hydrated and in no acute distress. His vital signs are normal, with a blood pressure of 125/80 mmHg, heart rate of 78 beats per minute, and temperature of 98.4°F. Laboratory studies reveal a serum sodium level of 148 mEq/L, elevated serum osmolality of 305 mOsm/kg, and a low urine osmolality of 150 mOsm/kg. A urine specific gravity test shows a value of 1.002, indicating very dilute urine. Blood glucose levels and kidney function tests are within normal limits. A water deprivation test is performed, during which the patient is observed to continue producing dilute urine despite progressive dehydration. After administration of desmopressin, there is no significant increase in urine osmolality. Which of the following can be included in the management of this disorder?
