A 45-year-old man from a rural area in sub-Saharan Africa presents with persistent hematuria and pelvic pain for six months. He reports swimming in local rivers as a child. Imaging reveals a mass in the bladder, and biopsy confirms squamous cell carcinoma. Urine microscopy shows eggs with a terminal spine. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent linking this patient’s infection to bladder squamous cell carcinoma?
