A 56-year-old male presents to your office for a follow-up visit to discuss the management of his type 2 diabetes. The patient was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes 5 years ago. His blood sugar levels have been suboptimal despite adherence to a healthy diet and regular exercise. He has been taking metformin 1000 mg twice daily, but his HbA1c has remained elevated at 8.2%. He reports no significant side effects from metformin but struggles with postprandial glucose spikes. He denies any symptoms of hypoglycemia. Review of systems is notable for joint pains. On physical examination, his BMI: 28.5 kg/m²; Blood Pressure: 126/78 mmHg and Heart rate: 72 bpm, regular. Laboratory test results revealed HbA1c: 8.2%; Fasting blood glucose: 160 mg/dL; Renal function: eGFR 58 mL/min/1.73m² and Liver function tests: Normal. You would like to initiate another medication for glucose control in this patient. Which of the following medications can cause severe joint pains?
