A 70-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after suddenly experiencing difficulty understanding speech. His wife reports that, although he speaks fluently, he often uses incorrect words, making his sentences nonsensical. For example, he might say “book” when referring to a “phone.” During the examination, he is unable to repeat simple phrases or follow commands, indicating significant comprehension deficits. An MRI reveals a lesion in the left temporal lobe, specifically affecting Wernicke’s area. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism of injury in this patient?