A male infant is delivered via emergency cesarean section due to severe preeclampsia in the mother. The birth weight is 1200 grams, and Apgar scores are 6 at 1 minute and 8 at 5 minutes. The infant is admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for respiratory support and further monitoring. On day 3 of life, the infant develops episodes of apnea and bradycardia. Physical examination reveals a tense fontanelle, and the infant appears lethargic. No seizures are observed. Concerned about potential neurological complications, the NICU team orders a cranial ultrasound, which reveals intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), classified as Grade III based on the presence of blood in the ventricles and moderate ventricular enlargement. What is the most common risk factor for intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in neonates?
