A researcher is studying chymotrypsin, a serine protease that hydrolyzes peptide bonds via a catalytic triad involving Serine (Ser) 195, Histidine (His) 57, and Aspartate (Asp) 102. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of catalysis used by chymotrypsin?

A 45-year-old patient diagnosed with HIV infection is prescribed an antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen, including an HIV protease inhibitor. The drug is designed to block the catalytic activity of HIV protease, an enzyme essential for viral replication. What type of enzymatic mechanism does HIV protease primarily utilize?

A 60-year-old male with a history of poor diet presents with glossitis, dermatitis, and confusion. Laboratory tests reveal low levels of niacin (vitamin B3). The physician diagnoses pellagra, a condition caused by niacin deficiency, which affects enzymes requiring nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) as a coenzyme. Which of the following best describes the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) as a coenzyme?

A 45-year-old male presents with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath. Blood tests reveal a deficiency in hemoglobin production, and further investigation suggests an issue with heme synthesis. Heme, an iron-containing prosthetic group, is critical for oxygen transport in red blood cells. Which of the following best describes the role of a prosthetic group, such as the iron (Fe²⁺) in heme, in enzyme catalysis?

Patient Case: A 40-year-old female with a history of malnutrition presents with fatigue and muscle weakness. Laboratory tests reveal low levels of magnesium (Mg²⁺). The physician explains that magnesium is a cofactor for many enzymes, including those involved in ATP metabolism. Which of the following best describes the role of magnesium (Mg²⁺) as a cofactor in enzyme catalysis?

A biochemist is studying an enzyme that requires magnesium ions (Mg²⁺) for its catalytic activity. These ions are loosely bound and can be removed without destroying the enzyme’s structure. Based on this characteristic, Mg²⁺ is best classified as a:

A 45-year-old woman presents with fatigue, dizziness, and difficulty concentrating. Blood tests reveal macrocytic anemia, and she is diagnosed with vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency. Which of the following metabolic reactions is most affected by the absence of coenzyme B12?

A 30-year-old female with a history of poor nutrition presents with neurological symptoms, including confusion and muscle weakness. Lab results show elevated levels of pyruvate, suggesting a deficiency in thiamin (vitamin B1). Thiamin is converted to Thiamin Pyrophosphate (TPP), which is essential for pyruvate decarboxylation. Thiamin Pyrophosphate (TPP) functions as which of the following in enzyme catalysis?

A researcher is studying a newly discovered enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of peptide bonds in proteins. According to the International Union of Biochemistry (IUB) classification, which enzyme class should this enzyme belong to?

A 30-year-old woman presents with a bacterial infection, and her physician prescribes an antibiotic that inhibits bacterial ribonuclease, an enzyme involved in RNA degradation. How was this enzyme most likely named?