A 45-year-old man with a history of recurrent nephrolithiasis is started on a medication to reduce his risk of future kidney stone formation. This medication works by increasing calcium reabsorption in exchange for sodium secretion in the distal convoluted tubule. Which of the following medications was most likely prescribed?
A 52-year-old man with a history of hypertension is prescribed atenolol to manage his blood pressure. Which of the following best describes the effect of atenolol on intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in cardiac myocytes?
A 58-year-old man with a history of chronic heart failure presents to the clinic for follow-up. He reports that he gets short of breath when walking around the house or performing simple tasks like cooking and doing light chores. He no longer attempts activities like grocery shopping due to the severity of his symptoms. However, when resting or sitting down, he feels fine and does not experience shortness of breath. What is his NYHA Functional Classification for heart failure?
A 54-year-old male visits your primary care office for the management of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and ischemic heart disease. His medical history includes glaucoma, acute renal failure, and bronchospasm. You consider adding atenolol to his treatment regimen. Which of the following statements is true about atenolol?
A 52-year-old woman comes to the emergency room complaining of tremor, sweating, anxiety, and palpitations. She reports feeling weak and has difficulty speaking and walking. A fingerstick blood glucose test reveals a glucose level of 42 mg/dL (2.3 mmol/L). Her medical history includes diabetes, hypertension, a recent urinary tract infection, and a protozoal infection. Her current medications are metoprolol, levofloxacin, lisinopril, insulin, and pentamidine. Upon further evaluation, it is determined that her hypoglycemia is drug-induced. Which of the following medications can cause hypoglycemia?
A 34-year-old man is brought to the emergency room with altered mental status after taking an unknown dose of a beta blocker to manage anxiety before a public lecture. His vital signs are as follows: temperature 99°F, heart rate 59 beats per minute, respiratory rate 14 breaths per minute, and blood pressure 80/55 mm Hg. On examination, he is disoriented but recognizes his wife, with cold extremities, bradycardia, and decreased breath sounds. ECG shows bradycardia with PR prolongation and first-degree heart block. Which of the following beta blockers is the most toxic in overdose?
A 34-year-old man is brought to the emergency room with altered mental status after taking an unknown dose of propranolol to manage anxiety before a public lecture. His vital signs are as follows: temperature 99°F, heart rate 59 beats per minute, respiratory rate 14 breaths per minute, and blood pressure 80/55 mm Hg. On examination, he is disoriented but recognizes his wife, with cold extremities, bradycardia, and decreased breath sounds. ECG shows bradycardia with PR prolongation and first-degree heart block. Which of the following is true about propranolol toxicity?
A 52-year-old man presents to the emergency room with nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps, and weakness that began three days ago. He recently started Penicillin G for pharyngitis and is also taking lisinopril, atorvastatin, and spironolactone. On examination, he appears anxious, has difficulty walking, and exhibits decreased sensations and reflexes. Laboratory studies reveal a potassium level of 6.8 mmol/L, and his ECG shows changes consistent with hyperkalemia. Which of the following is the antidote of choice for life-threatening arrhythmias caused by hyperkalemia?
A 56-year-old man presents to the emergency room with nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps, and weakness that began three days ago. He started Penicillin G for acute pharyngitis five days ago and has been taking it regularly along with lisinopril, atorvastatin, and spironolactone. On examination, he appears anxious, has difficulty walking, and shows decreased sensations and reflexes in all four extremities. Laboratory studies reveal a potassium level of 6.8 mmol/L, and his ECG shows changes consistent with hyperkalemia. If his hyperkalemia progresses without treatment, what is the most likely cause of death?
