A 24 year-old Colombian male who was detained in the local immigration processing center was brought to your office by ICE officers for the evaluation of syphilis tests done as part of his immigration application. The RPR test and later FTA-ABS test came positive for syphilis. Through a translator, the patient explained that recently he got a fever, sore throat, wart-like lesions around his genitalia and rough, reddish brown spots on the bottom of his feet and on the palms of his hands. He also informed that many years ago, he received penicillin treatment for syphilis with no adverse complications. You diagnosed him with syphilis and started treatment with benzathine penicillin G. He was taken back to the detention center. Four hours later, the officers brought him back to your office because starting about two hours ago, the patient complained of fever as high as 107.6 F, chills, sweating, headache, nausea and vomiting, and muscle pains. His vital signs recorded were Temp = 102 F, BP = 110/80 mm Hg, RR = 24/minute, Pulse = 96/minute. Physical examination was unremarkable except for an anxious and distressful patient. Skin did not show any urticaria and wheels. Stat laboratory values showed elevated neutrophils but normal eosinophils. With rest, oral fluids, and acetaminophen, four hours later, the patient reported ‘I feel a lot better than when I came in’. His vital signs were Temp = 98.2 F, BP = 110/80 mmHg, RR = 18/minute; Pulse = 69/minute. Which of the following laboratory tests the clinician should rely on in establishing the diagnosis in this patient?

A 24 year-old Colombian male who was detained in the local immigration processing center was brought to your office by ICE officers for the evaluation of syphilis tests done as part of his immigration application. The RPR test and later FTA-ABS test came positive for syphilis. Through a translator, the patient explained that recently he got a fever, sore throat, wart-like lesions around his genitalia and rough, reddish brown spots on the bottom of his feet and on the palms of his hands. He also informed that many years ago, he received penicillin treatment for syphilis with no adverse complications. You diagnosed him with syphilis and started treatment with benzathine penicillin G.      He was taken back to the detention center. Four hours later, the officers brought him back to your office because starting about two hours ago, the patient complained of fever as high as 107.6 F, chills, sweating, headache, nausea and vomiting, and muscle pains. His vital signs recorded were Temp = 102 F, BP = 110/80 mm Hg, RR = 24/minute, Pulse = 96/minute. Physical examination was unremarkable except for an anxious and distressful patient. Skin did not show any urticaria and wheels. Stat laboratory values showed elevated neutrophils but normal eosinophils. With rest, oral fluids, and acetaminophen, four hours later, the patient reported ‘I feel a lot better than when I came in’. His vital signs were Temp = 98.2 F, BP = 110/80 mmHg, RR = 18/minute; Pulse = 69/minute.  Regarding this reaction which patient developed after starting the treatment, which of the following is true?  

A 68 year-old female came to your office complaining of dry eyes, dry mouth, painful oral sores, nausea, vomiting, wheezing and vaginal dryness and irritation. She is especially sensitive to hot or spicy foods. Her urine looks dark brown colored and her stools look pale and clay-colored. She also developed a rash which is itchy and irritating. She used some hydrocortisone cream but it is not seeming to help her much.  It is hard to open mouth and extend her elbows. Her past medical history is remarkable for aplastic anemia for which she received a matched, related allogeneic stem cell transplant from her brother approximately 10 months prior to this presentation.  During the physical examination you noticed that her sclera looks yellow. There are several fluid-filled cysts on the inner surface of her mouth. You noticed grayish white lines on the palate. In the auscultation of her lungs, you noticed bilateral wheezing. She has abdominal tenderness in the right upper quadrant. As you were examining the range of motion, the patient put her palms together and had difficulty extending her elbows and fingers. There are deep pigmentation changes over her shoulders and back. She has a rash on her trunk which is made up of small, discolored dots covered with scaly patches. Her nails looked hard and brittle with some dystrophy. You noticed the loss of hair on her head. To investigate her condition further, you ordered some routine labs which are significant for the following values:  Total serum bilirubin is 7.9 mg/dl  Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) …….175 U/L       Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)……..145 U/L  and alkaline phosphatase of 440 U/L   Antinuclear antibodies….Positive  Rheumatoid factor………Positive  What is the most likely diagnosis in this patient? 

A 72 year-old male came to your urgent care clinic complaining of maculopapular skin rash, nausea, anorexia,jaundice, watery diarrhea, abdominal pain for the last one week. His medical history is significant for receiving an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation four weeks ago for multiple myeloma. In the physical examination, you noticed blistery maculopapular rash all over his body, sparing the scalp. Laboratory results are remarkable for hyperbilirubinemia. You suspect graft-versus-host disorder in this patient. Which is the most common organ affected in patients with graft-versus-host disease? 

A 72 year-old male came to your urgent care clinic complaining of maculopapular skin rash, nausea, anorexia,jaundice, watery diarrhea, abdominal pain for the last one week. His medical history is significant for receiving an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation four weeks ago for multiple myeloma. In the physical examination, you noticed blistery maculopapular rash all over his body, sparing the scalp. Laboratory results are remarkable for hyperbilirubinemia. What is the most likely diagnosis in this patient? 

Mr. Douglas, a 55-year-old male, has a history of end-stage renal disease secondary to chronic glomerulonephritis. Five years ago, he underwent a successful renal transplant. However, he has recently experienced a decline in renal function, manifesting as fatigue, shortness of breath, swelling in his legs and ankles, decreased urine output, elevated blood pressure, nausea, and vomiting. Physical examination reveals elevated blood pressure, periorbital edema, decreased breath sounds, peripheral edema, and tenderness over the transplanted kidney. Laboratory tests show elevated serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate. Electrolyte abnormalities, including hyperkalemia and hyponatremia, are also present. Additionally, anemia and elevated inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate are noted. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of chronic renal transplant rejection is made. A kidney biopsy is also ordered. Which of the following best describes the histological picture seen in chronic renal transplant rejection?

A 72 year-old female came to your office complaining of fever, fatigue, lower abdominal pain, and decreased urine output. Her past medical history is significant for dialysis dependent end-stage renal disease for 12 years and a renal transplantation 9 months ago. Your physical examination is significant for pain on the right lower abdomen. In consultation with her nephrologist, you ordered some laboratory studies and a renal transplant biopsy.  Laboratory tests came positive for circulating donor-specific antibodies. In biopsy, histological examination showed microvascular inflammation, intimal arteritis, acute thrombotic microangiopathy, acute tubular injury, linear C4d staining in peritubular capillaries, and de novo glomerulonephritis. This patient received treatment and her condition improved well with plasmapheresis. She asked for your advice regarding vaccinations. Of the following, which is the best advice to give her? 

A 72 year-old female came to your office complaining of fever, fatigue, lower abdominal pain, and decreased urine output. Her past medical history is significant for dialysis dependent end-stage renal disease for 12 years and a renal transplantation 9 months ago. Your physical examination is significant for pain on the right lower abdomen. In consultation with her nephrologist, you ordered some laboratory studies and a renal transplant biopsy.  Laboratory tests came positive for circulating donor-specific antibodies. In biopsy, histological examination showed microvascular inflammation, intimal arteritis, acute thrombotic microangiopathy, acute tubular injury, linear C4d staining in peritubular capillaries, and de novo glomerulonephritis. What is the most common treatment for this transplant rejection? 

A 72 year-old female came to your office complaining of fever, fatigue, lower abdominal pain, and decreased urine output. Her past medical history is significant for dialysis dependent end-stage renal disease for 12 years and a renal transplantation 9 months ago. Your physical examination is significant for pain on the right lower abdomen. In consultation with her nephrologist, you ordered some laboratory studies and a renal transplant biopsy. As you await the test results, she reports she is concerned about transplant rejection. Regarding transplant rejection, which of the following is a correct statement?