A 25-week gestational age infant, weighing 700 grams, is screened at 7 weeks chronological age. The ophthalmologist diagnoses Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) with partial retinal detachment sparing the macula, located near the optic disc. The infant also has tortuous arteries and dilated veins in the posterior pole. What stage, zone, and additional feature of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) are present in this infant?

A 26-week gestational age infant, weighing 850 grams at birth, is examined at 6 weeks chronological age. The ophthalmologist identifies a ridge with early fibrovascular proliferation extending into the vitreous in the region just beyond twice the distance from the optic disc to the macula. What stage and zone of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) best describes this infant’s retinal findings?

A 26-week gestational age infant, born weighing 900 grams, undergoes an eye examination at 6 weeks of chronological age. The ophthalmologist diagnoses Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) with Zone II, Stage 2 disease, and no plus disease. What does “Stage 2” indicate in the classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)?

A preterm infant born at 29 weeks gestational age, weighing 1,300 grams, is screened at 5 weeks chronological age in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The ophthalmologist notes a flat, white line separating the vascularized retina from the avascular retina in the temporal periphery of both eyes. What stage and zone of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is most consistent with this infant’s findings?

A 26-week preterm infant weighing 900 grams is diagnosed with stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) with plus disease. The ophthalmologist recommends laser photocoagulation to prevent retinal detachment. What is the primary goal of laser photocoagulation in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)?

A 30-week preterm infant weighing 1,500 grams is now 6 weeks old. The neonatologist schedules a retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening. The ophthalmologist uses indirect ophthalmoscopy to examine the retina. At what postmenstrual age should screening for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) typically begin in preterm infants?

A 28-week gestational age preterm infant, weighing 1,100 grams at birth, is now 4 weeks old (chronological age) and being screened in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The infant was exposed to supplemental oxygen for 3 weeks due to respiratory distress syndrome. What is the most controllable critical risk factor for the development of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) in this infant?

A 26-week-old premature male infant, born at 850g birth weight, is undergoing routine ophthalmologic screening for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The infant was managed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for respiratory distress syndrome, requiring mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy for the first two weeks of life.At 6 weeks postnatal age, an indirect ophthalmoscopy examination reveals abnormal vascular proliferation with fibrovascular ridges in Zone II of both eyes. Retinal vessels appear tortuous and dilated, suggesting Plus Disease.Which of the following is the first-line treatment for severe ROP (Stage 3 or higher)?

A 28-week-old female infant, born at 26 weeks gestational age via emergency cesarean section due to maternal preeclampsia, is currently in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Her birth weight was 950 grams, classifying her as extremely low birth weight (ELBW). The infant’s mother has no significant ocular history, and there is no family history of congenital blindness or retinal disorders. The infant has been in the NICU for 6 weeks postnatal age, receiving parenteral nutrition initially and now transitioning to enteral feeds. She has had stable weight gain but remains below the 10th percentile for corrected gestational age. Presentation: At 6 weeks postnatal age (32 weeks corrected gestational age), a routine ophthalmologic screening is performed as per NICU protocol for preterm infants born before 31 weeks gestation or with a birth weight less than 1500 grams. The ophthalmologist detects Retinopathy of prematurity as shown in the image. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of ROP?

A male infant is admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) after delivery due to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). He requires mechanical ventilation and prolonged oxygen therapy. At four weeks of age, an ophthalmologic examination is scheduled to assess for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which revealed the following image. Which of the following is the most significant risk factor for the development of ROP in this infant?