A 54-year-old man with a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia presents for his annual physical exam. Despite maximal rosuvastatin and ezetimibe therapy, his LDL has decreased from 285 mg/dL to 140 mg/dL over six months but remains elevated. He expresses concern about his LDL levels. A medical student on rotation suggests considering alirocumab for further treatment. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of alirocumab?
A 62-year-old male comes to the emergency room with severe chest pain radiating into his left jaw. His past medical history is significant for diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Current medications include metformin, glipizide, lisinopril and metoprolol. He has been smoking one pack of cigarettes since he was 20 years-old and drinks up to 3 beers every day. Lab tests reveal elevated troponin level, elevated total cholesterol of 220 mg/dL and elevated LDL of 170 mg/dL and low HDL of 38 mg/dL. ECG demonstrated elevated ST segments in the precordial leads. Coronary angiogram reveals multivessel coronary artery disease. Going forward, which of the following should be the LDL cholesterol treatment target for this patient?
A 28-year-old man presents to the emergency room complaining of dull retrosternal chest pain during his work as a carpenter. Usually, the pain lasts a few minutes at a time and is relieved by rest. But today it is unrelenting and unresponsive to nitroglycerin. He reports that his father and his paternal uncle had heart attacks in their late twenties. The patient has no history of hypertension, diabetes, or tobacco use. On physical examination, you notice fat deposits on both eyelids and bilateral tendon xanthomas. Coronary angiogram reveals a multivessel coronary artery disease. Preoperative fasting lipid panel is significant for a total cholesterol 356 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol 39 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol 286 mg/dL, and triglycerides 111 mg/dL. In this disorder, mutations affect which of the following genes?
A 48-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, hypothyroidism, diabetes, and dyslipidemia presents to establish care. Her current medications include hydrochlorothiazide, levothyroxine, metformin, and colesevelam, which was prescribed after atorvastatin caused severe myalgias. Before starting colesevelam, which precaution is most important to discuss with this patient?
A 48-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, hypothyroidism, diabetes, and dyslipidemia comes to your primary care office to establish care. She recently moved from another state. Her current medications include hydrochlorothiazide, levothyroxine, metformin, and colesevelam, which was prescribed after she experienced severe myalgias with atorvastatin. Which of the following adverse effects is this patient most likely to experience with colesevelam?
A 48-year-old woman comes to establish care in your primary care office. She just moved from another state two weeks ago. Her medical history is significant for hypertension, hypothyroidism, diabetes and dyslipidemia. Her current medications include hydrochlorothiazide, synthroid, and metformin. She was started on atorvastatin six months ago, but she was unable to tolerate the medication due to severe myalgias. Today, her blood pressure is 125/85 mm Hg. You ordered a lipid profile and the results are: total cholesterol 250 mg/dL, triglycerides 280 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) 49 mg/dL, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 182 mg/dL. According to Modified 2022 ACC (American College of Cardiology) therapeutic recommendations for adult hypercholesterolemic patients with statin intolerance, this patient should be started on colesevelam as
A 48 year-old African American male comes to your cardiology clinic because his heart failure has not improved on hydrochlorothiazide, lisinopril and losartan. He is unable to cope with the side-effects of the medications. His medical history is also significant for hypertension. Which of the following is the next step in the management of this patient?
A 34 year-old female who is 12 weeks pregnant comes to your office for initiation of treatment for her hypertension. Of the following, which medication is useful to treat her hypertension?
