Timothy, a 72-year-old man, presents to the emergency department complaining of palpitations, shortness of breath, and fatigue. His medical history includes hypertension and coronary artery disease. An electrocardiogram (ECG) reveals an irregular rhythm with a rapid ventricular rate, consistent with atrial fibrillation. Q.Of the following what are the mechanisms for rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation A.Cardioversion B.Medications C.Both Correct answer is C. In patients with atrial fibrillation, rate control can be achieved with cardioversion, medication, or both. The decision is based on the clinical picture, time in atrial fibrillation, and shared decision-making.Of the following, atrial fibrillation is associated with increased risk of which illnesses?
Timothy, a 72-year-old man, presents to the emergency department complaining of palpitations, shortness of breath, and fatigue. His medical history includes hypertension and coronary artery disease. An electrocardiogram (ECG) reveals an irregular rhythm with a rapid ventricular rate, consistent with atrial fibrillation. Q.Of the following what are the mechanisms for rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation A.Cardioversion B.Medications C.Both Correct answer is C. In patients with atrial fibrillation, rate control can be achieved with cardioversion, medication, or both. The decision is based on the clinical picture, time in atrial fibrillation, and shared decision-making.Of the following what are the mechanisms for rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation?
A 68-year-old male with a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes presents to the clinic with complaints of intermittent palpitations, fatigue, and shortness of breath for the past week. He reports occasional episodes of dizziness but denies chest pain or syncope. The symptoms are more noticeable after mild exertion, such as climbing stairs. ECG Findings are significant for absence of P waves, irregular R-R intervals, and fibrillatory waves consistent with atrial fibrillation. You wanted to use CHA2DS2-VASc score as part of your management of this patient. What is the CHA2DS2-VASc score used to assess?
A 34 year-old woman comes to the emergency room because she has been having shortness of breath, palpitations, and sweating for the last 3 weeks. Four weeks ago she had a mild fever for a whole week. Her travel history is significant for yearly trips to Colombia. Her most recent trip to Colombia was 4 months ago with her church group on a medical mission trip. She slept many nights in primitive living quarters in areas without protection from reduviid insects. In Colombia, she was treated for ‘some eye infection with swelling around the eyes’. Physical examination is significant for tachycardia and pericardial friction rub. You also notice bilateral pitting edema and enlarged abdomen. ECG reveals diffuse ST segment elevation with low QRS voltages. Echocardiogram shows dilated ventricles with systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and wall motion abnormalities. Laboratory tests in this patient would most likely show serologic evidence of antibodies to which of the following?
A 32 year-old male comes to your office inquiring about antibiotic prophylaxis for endocarditis before a dental procedure. He reports a history of repaired congenital cyanosis heart disease when he was 5 years-old. He has been asymptomatic since his surgery. He is allergic to penicillins. Physical examination is unremarkable. What would be the best advice to this patient concerning antibiotic prophylaxis?
Of the following, which is the most common predisposing condition for infective endocarditis in developing nations?
A 54 year-old male comes to the emergency room with fever, chills, weakness, chest pain and abdominal pain. He does not report shortness of breath or abdominal bloating or swelling in the legs, ankles and feet or weight loss or cough or headaches or weakness in extremities. Auscultation of lungs and heart is normal. He has no murmurs. His chest radiograph is normal but echocardiogram shows vegetations on the mitral valve. Blood cultures show predominance of streptococcus bovis bacteria. After initial endocarditis treatment, this patient should undergo which of the following evaluations?
